User:TimeMaster/Affixes

Verb prefixes
Productive prefixes. Those in italics are proposed for revival.
 * after- (after, spatially or temporally)
 * back- (returning, reversal)
 * down- (decrease, downward, low(er) meaning usually is phrasal)
 * ere- (before, temporally only)
 * for- (intensive, completive, turning out of for the worse, resulting in failure, produces adverse or opposite results
 * fore- (before, spatially or temporally)
 * half- (half, partially)
 * in- (in, mostly replaced with phrasal verbs, but healthier than at/forth/through probably because of French en-)
 * mis- (badly and so on)
 * out- (superiority, outer, out, forth, away, still often becomes phrasal)
 * over- (over (usually figuratively), hyper, super, across boundaries, superior, in excess, still often becomes phrasal)
 * since- (or sith-, after, temporally only)
 * te- (to bits, asunder) (or to-, but te- reduces confusion)
 * un- (negative, reversal)
 * under- (under (usually figuratively), hypo, sub, inferior, still often becomes phrasal)
 * up- (increase, upward, high(er), still often phrasal)
 * with- (against, kept alive due to with- changing meaning to mid)

Unproductive, but still prominent suffixes.
 * a- (no specific meaning)
 * an- (no specific meaning, merges into a- before vowels and h if unstressed)
 * be- (forms transitives from intransitives, nouns, or adjectives, intensive/completive/figurative transitives of other transitives)
 * on- (on, or no meaning, mostly become phrasal verbs)

Prefixes that die out because they were reanalyzed as forming phrasal verbs (some can continue as gerunds/participles):
 * afore- (replaced with adverb/phrasal "before")
 * at- (away, at, against, no meaning)
 * be- (when meaning by)
 * forth- (forth)
 * gain- (also yen-/yeen-/yean-/yein-/yain-, against, back, away)
 * mid- (when meaning with)
 * to- (to, in the preposition sense)
 * through- (through)
 * umb- (umb/around)
 * with- (or wither-, when not meaning against)
 * yond- (across, through, over, beyond)

Other dead prefixes:
 * ed- (re-, use "eft" (either as a prefix or simply an adverb instead))

co- is replaced with phrasal "together". Thus, cohabitate becomes live/wone together. Also see the "Adverbs attaching to participles" section for more possibilities, especially "eath-" and "full-".

Noun prefixes
These prefixes can often apply to a noun made from a verb (such as with -er), but not the base verb.
 * all- (all, omni-)
 * an- (can become a-, returning, opposition, response)
 * back- (in the back, reversal, reforming)
 * by- (secondary, incidental, parallel to, near)
 * even- (fellow,)
 * fore- (in the front)
 * folk- (people, demo-)
 * full- (full, pure)
 * great- (great, super-?)
 * half- (half, part)
 * hind- (in the back)
 * mid- (in middle of)
 * mis- (badness, mal-)
 * new- (new, neo-)
 * off- (similar to but still different)
 * old-/eld- (old, paleo-)
 * or- (primal, proto-)
 * over- (superior)
 * rain- (arch-, highest)
 * self- (self, auto-)
 * step- (step away from)
 * under- (inferior)
 * wan- (lacking, missing)
 * with-/wither- (against, counter-, anti-)

Dead prefixes that probably shouldn't be revived:
 * ang- (compressed, vexing)

co- is replaced with suffix -mate. Thus, coorbiter becomes orbitmate.

Adjective prefixes
See the "adverbs attaching to participles" list as well.
 * after- (after, post-)
 * all- (all, omni-)
 * between- (between, inter-)
 * even- (equally, equi-)
 * ever- (always, perma-)
 * half- (half, partially, semi-)
 * in- (in, not foreign)
 * new- (newly, neo-)
 * off- (similar to but still different)
 * old-/eld- (oldly, paleo-)
 * out- (out, foreign)
 * over- (over, in excess)
 * sam- (half, imperfect)
 * self- (usually on participles, auto-)
 * under- (under, not enough)
 * well- (well, emphasis)
 * with-/wither- (against, counter-, anti-)

co- is usually replaced with phrasal "together", especially when a participle. Thus, cohabitating becomes living together. mate- as a prefix can also be used, like "mateliving", particularly for non-participles.

Prefixes changing word type
These are mostly prepositions that have merged into nouns.
 * after- (after, e.g. post-)
 * down- (down, e.g. downhill)
 * fore- (before, e.g. pre-)
 * many-/mani- (many, e.g. poly-/multi-)
 * most- (most, or archaic alther/alder/aller)
 * one- (one, e.g. mono-/uni-/single-)
 * over- (over, e.g. overarm)
 * twi- (two, e.g. duo-/bi-/do-/double-)
 * umb- (around, about)
 * under- (under, e.g. undersea)
 * up- (up, e.g. uphill)
 * wan- (without)
 * yond- (beyond, trans-)

Adverbs attaching to participles
Some of these could end up making new verb affixes as well. Some, like eath-, and full-, were already used like this in Middle English, and many Anglish writers already use eft- innovatively like this.


 * all- (totally)
 * arveth- (difficult to, difficultly)
 * better- (better off/done)
 * bit- (partially)
 * broad- (generally)
 * but- (just, simply)
 * couth- (surely, certainly)
 * deed- (done by someone)
 * eath- (easily - attested in ME)
 * earli- (early)
 * eft- (again, re-)
 * else- (otherwise)
 * even- (evenly)
 * ever- (always)
 * far- (far, far from)
 * fern- (anciently, long ago)
 * first- (first, firstly)
 * full- (fully, completely - attested in ME)
 * great- (greatly)
 * hand- (by hand)
 * here- (here)
 * last- (last, finally)
 * late- (late)
 * less- (less, not very)
 * least- (least, barely at all)
 * like- (similarly to)
 * little- (little, slightly)
 * long- (for a long time)
 * more- (more, very, or: sen-)
 * most- (most, very very)
 * much- (much, very)
 * near- (almost, near)
 * never- (never)
 * new- (newly, recently)
 * nigh- (very nearly)
 * now- (now, currently)
 * off- (sort of)
 * oft- (often)
 * once- (once, formerly)
 * over- (too much)
 * right- (just right)
 * seld- (seldom)
 * short- (for a short time)
 * so- (so, very)
 * some- (partially)
 * soon- (soon, imminently)
 * still- (still)
 * swith- (swiftly, rapidly, strongly, very)
 * then- (afterwards)
 * there- (there)
 * thus- (consequently)
 * true- (correctly)
 * under- (not enough)
 * well- (well, good)
 * whole- (in whole)
 * wide- (widely)
 * wis- (surely, certainly)
 * wont- (habitually)
 * worse- (worse off/done)

Already standing:
 * after- (after)
 * fore- (before)
 * mis- (badly)
 * un- (not)

For calques and coinings

 * earth- (geo-)
 * ethel- (native, domestic)
 * even- (equal, fellow)
 * fire- (pyro-)
 * gouth-/heath- (war, battle)
 * hedge- (itinerant, travelling)
 * ice- (cryo-)
 * kin- (kingly, royal-)
 * lease- (false, pseudo-)
 * life- (bio-)
 * lift-/loft- (aero-, air-)
 * meat-/food- (relating to food)
 * neigh- (local)
 * net-/web- (internet, cyber-)
 * open- (public)
 * rodder- (astro-, cosmo-)
 * rune-/rown- (crypto-)
 * steal-/stal- (klepto-)
 * stone- (litho-)
 * sunder- (private, special)
 * theed- (national, public)
 * water- (hydro-)